how to self adjust drum brakes

How to Self-Adjust Drum Brakes A Step-by-Step Guide

Drum brakes are commonly found in many vehicles, especially in older models. Unlike disc brakes, which are more prevalent in modern cars, drum brakes require a different type of maintenance to ensure optimal performance. One of the key maintenance procedures is the self-adjustment of drum brakes. Properly adjusted drum brakes can enhance braking efficiency and prolong the lifespan of the brake components. This article provides a comprehensive guide on how to self-adjust drum brakes.

Understanding Drum Brakes

Before diving into the adjustment process, it’s essential to understand how drum brakes work. Drum brakes consist of a brake drum, brake shoes, and various other components such as springs and adjusters. When the driver presses the brake pedal, hydraulic pressure forces the brake shoes outward against the inside of the rotating drum, creating friction to slow down and stop the vehicle.

Over time, the brake shoes wear down, leading to increased clearance between the shoes and the drum. If not adjusted, this can result in poor braking performance and increased pedal travel.

Tools Required

To self-adjust your drum brakes, you'll need several tools

- Jack and jack stands - Lug wrench - Screwdriver or brake adjustment spoon - Safety gloves and goggles

Step-by-Step Guide to Self-Adjust Drum Brakes

Step 1 Safety First

Before starting any brake work, ensure your vehicle is parked on a level surface. Engage the parking brake and wear safety gloves and goggles. Loosen the lug nuts slightly but do not remove them yet.

Step 2 Lift the Vehicle

Using the jack, lift the vehicle and place it securely on jack stands. Once the vehicle is elevated, remove the lug nuts and take off the wheel to expose the drum brake assembly.

Step 3 Inspect the Brake Components

Before adjusting, inspect the brake shoes, drum, and other components for wear and damage. If the shoes are excessively worn or the drum is scored, it may be time to replace them. If everything looks good, proceed to the adjustment.

Step 4 Locate the Adjuster

In most drum brake systems, there is an adjustment mechanism located within the drum assembly, usually at the bottom of the backing plate. This adjuster can be accessed through a slot in the drum's backing plate.

Step 5 Adjusting the Brakes

Using a screwdriver or brake adjustment spoon, turn the adjuster to increase the contact between the brake shoes and the drum. Generally, you will want to turn the adjuster in the direction that pulls the shoes closer to the drum.

As you adjust, periodically rotate the drum to check if there's any dragging; you want just enough friction to create efficient braking without excess drag. The goal is to achieve a snug fit between the shoes and the drum.

Step 6 Repeat on the Other Side

After adjusting one side, repeat the process on the opposite wheel to ensure even braking performance.

Step 7 Reassemble and Test

Once both sides are adjusted, replace the drum, put the wheel back on, and securely fasten the lug nuts. Lower the vehicle from the jack stands. After securing everything, it's crucial to test the brakes. Pump the brake pedal a few times to set the shoes properly against the drum before driving.

Conclusion

Self-adjusting drum brakes can be a straightforward process with the right tools and basic knowledge of their function. Regular maintenance and adjustment of your vehicle's drum brakes not only enhance safety but also ensure better performance over time. Always consult your vehicle's manual for specific instructions, and don't hesitate to seek professional assistance if needed. Maintaining your brakes is crucial, and self-adjustment is an excellent way to keep them in top condition.