how to service drum brakes

How to Service Drum Brakes A Step-by-Step Guide

Drum brakes are a common type of brake system in older vehicles and are still found in many modern cars, especially in the rear. They operate by using friction to slow down or stop the vehicle. Over time, drum brakes can wear out, and regular servicing is essential to ensure safe driving. Here's a comprehensive guide on how to service drum brakes effectively.

Understanding Drum Brake System

Before diving into the servicing process, it's crucial to understand how drum brakes function. The main components of a drum brake include the brake drum, brake shoes, wheel cylinder, and various springs. When you press the brake pedal, hydraulic fluid acts on the wheel cylinder, pushing the brake shoes against the inner surface of the drum, creating friction that slows the wheel down.

Tools and Materials Needed

To service drum brakes, you'll need several tools and materials. Make sure you have

- A jack and jack stands - Lug wrench - Brake cleaner - Brake drum puller (if necessary) - New brake shoes - New hardware kit (springs and clips) - A screwdriver - Pliers - A torque wrench - A container for fluid

Step-by-Step Guide to Servicing Drum Brakes

1. Preparation and Safety

Before you start, ensure you are working in a well-lit, safe area. Make sure to wear protective gloves and safety goggles. Begin by loosening the lug nuts on the wheel where you want to service the drum brakes, but do not remove them completely.

2. Lift the Vehicle

Using the jack, lift the vehicle and place it securely on jack stands. This is a critical step for safety. After securing the vehicle, completely remove the lug nuts and take off the wheel to expose the drum brake assembly.

3. Remove the Brake Drum

In some cases, the brake drum may be corroded or stuck due to rust or dirt. If it doesn’t slide off easily, you may need to use a brake drum puller. Once removed, inspect the drum's interior for grooves, cracks, or excessive wear. If the drum is damaged beyond limits, it should be replaced.

4. Inspect Brake Components

Examine the brake shoes for wear. If they are less than 1/16 inch thick, it’s time to replace them. Additionally, inspect the wheel cylinder for any leaks or damage. If you notice any issues, consider replacing the cylinder as well.

5. Replace Brake Shoes

To replace the brake shoes, first, remove the old shoes along with the springs and other hardware. Note the assembly setup so you can install the new components correctly. Install the new brake shoes and attach the new hardware kit following your notes. It’s important to position the shoes correctly for optimal performance.

6. Reassemble the Drum Brake

Once the new brake shoes are in place, reinstall the brake drum. Make sure it moves freely, and there’s no binding. If the drum is too tight, you may need to adjust the brake shoe retaining adjuster.

7. Reinstall the Wheel

With the drum securely in place, put the wheel back on. Hand-tighten the lug nuts for now, then lower the vehicle back to the ground and use a torque wrench to properly tighten the lug nuts according to the manufacturer’s specifications.

8. Test the Brake System

Before you drive the vehicle, pump the brake pedal several times to ensure the brake shoes are properly seated against the drum. Check your brake fluid levels and add more if necessary.

9. Final Checks

Go for a short test drive to ensure everything is functioning smoothly. Listen for any unusual noises and monitor the brake response. If anything seems off, double-check your work or consult a professional mechanic.

Conclusion

Servicing drum brakes can be a rewarding and straightforward task if approached carefully and methodically. Regular maintenance not only enhances the performance of your braking system but also ensures your safety on the road. Always remember to prioritize safety and, when in doubt, seek professional help. By following these steps, you can keep your drum brakes in tip-top shape and enjoy a smooth driving experience.