how to properly adjust drum brakes

How to Properly Adjust Drum Brakes

Drum brakes have been a staple in automotive braking systems for decades. While disc brakes have gained popularity due to their efficiency and performance, drum brakes are still widely used, particularly in older vehicles and on the rear axles of many newer models. Properly adjusting drum brakes is crucial not only for optimal performance but also for safety. In this article, we will discuss the steps involved in adjusting drum brakes effectively.

Understanding Drum Brakes

Before diving into the adjustment procedure, it's important to understand the components of a drum brake system. The primary parts include the brake drum, brake shoes, wheel cylinder, and adjuster. When the brake pedal is pressed, hydraulic pressure pushes the wheel cylinder, forcing the brake shoes against the inner surface of the drum, which slows the wheel's rotation. Over time, as the brake shoes wear down, the distance between them and the drum increases, resulting in reduced braking efficacy.

Signs That Your Drum Brakes Need Adjustment

1. Increased Stopping Distance If you notice that your car takes longer to stop, it could indicate that your drum brakes are out of adjustment. 2. Pedal Feel If the brake pedal feels spongy or sinks to the floor, this may be a sign that the shoes need to be adjusted. 3. Uneven Wear Inspecting the brake shoes for uneven wear can also indicate the need for adjustment. 4. Noise A grinding or squeaking noise can suggest that the brake shoes are not making proper contact with the drum.

Tools Required

To adjust drum brakes, you’ll need a few tools - Brake adjustment tool or flathead screwdriver - Jack and jack stands - Lug wrench - Brake cleaner - Protective gloves and goggles

Step-by-Step Adjustment Process

1. Safety First

Before you begin, ensure the vehicle is parked on a flat surface and the engine is off. Engage the parking brake to prevent any movement. Wear protective gloves and goggles to safeguard against dust and debris.

2. Remove the Wheel

Using a lug wrench, loosen the lug nuts of the wheel where you will be adjusting the brakes. Once loosened, use a jack to lift the vehicle and secure it with jack stands. Remove the wheel to access the drum.

3. Inspect the Drum and Shoes

With the drum exposed, check for any visible wear or damage. Use brake cleaner to clean any debris or dust from the drum and shoes. Look for any signs of cracking or excessive wear on the shoes, which may require replacement instead of adjustment.

4. Adjusting the Brake Shoes

Locate the adjustment mechanism, usually found at the bottom of the brake assembly. You can use a brake adjustment tool or a flathead screwdriver to turn the adjuster. Rotate it clockwise to expand the shoes and counterclockwise to retract them. Aim for a snug fit, where the shoes lightly contact the drum but do not bind.

5. Rotate the Drum

After making the adjustments, rotate the drum by hand to ensure that it spins freely. If it binds or feels difficult to turn, the shoes may be too tight, requiring further adjustment.

6. Reinstall the Wheel

Once you’re satisfied with the brake adjustment, replace the wheel and hand-tighten the lug nuts. Lower the vehicle and use the lug wrench to securely tighten the lug nuts in a crisscross pattern.

7. Test Drive the Vehicle

After adjusting both sides, take the vehicle for a test drive. Pay attention to the pedal feel, stopping distance, and any unusual noises. If everything feels comfortable, you’ve successfully adjusted your drum brakes.

Conclusion

Properly adjusting drum brakes is a vital maintenance task that can greatly enhance vehicle safety and performance. Regular inspections and adjustments will ensure that your braking system functions optimally, prolonging the life of your brakes and providing peace of mind on the road. If you are unsure about any steps or if the brakes are severely worn, consider seeking professional assistance. Remember, your safety on the road is paramount, and effective braking is a key component of that safety.