adjusting brake drums

Adjusting Brake Drums A Comprehensive Guide

When it comes to vehicle maintenance, few components are as critical as the braking system. Among the various types of brakes, drum brakes have been a reliable choice for many automobile manufacturers, especially in older and budget-friendly models. However, like any mechanical component, drum brakes require regular adjustments to ensure optimal performance and safety. This article will delve into the importance of adjusting brake drums, the tools you'll need, and a step-by-step guide on how to perform the adjustment properly.

Why Adjust Brake Drums?

Brake drums work by using friction to slow down and stop the vehicle. Over time, the brake shoes that press against the inner surface of the drum can wear down, leading to several issues, including decreased stopping power, increased stopping distances, and the potential for brake failure. Regular adjustments compensate for this wear and ensure that the shoes maintain proper contact with the drum. Additionally, an improper adjustment can lead to uneven wear on the brake components, which may necessitate more frequent replacements and result in higher maintenance costs.

Tools Needed for Adjustment

1. Jack and Jack Stands Always ensure your vehicle is securely lifted off the ground before working on it. 2. Lug Wrench For removing the wheel to access the brake drum. 3. Brake Adjusting Tool or Screwdriver Some drums have an adjusting mechanism that can be accessed through a hole in the backing plate. 4. Pliers For manipulating the adjusting mechanism. 5. Clean Cloth To wipe away any dust or debris from the brake components. 6. Brake Cleaner For cleaning any grease or grime from the drum and shoes. 7. Safety Goggles and Gloves To protect yourself from dust and debris.

Step-by-Step Adjustment Process

1. Preparation Begin by ensuring your vehicle is on a flat surface. Engage the parking brake and wear your safety goggles and gloves to protect yourself.

2. Removing the Wheel Use the lug wrench to loosen and remove the lug nuts. Once the nuts are off, carefully remove the wheel to expose the brake drum.

3. Cleaning the Components Before making any adjustments, use the brake cleaner to clean the brake drum and shoes. This step ensures that any dust and debris that could impair performance are eliminated.

4. Inspect the Brake Drums Check the condition of the drum and shoes. Look for signs of excessive wear, cracking, or glazing. If the components are worn beyond acceptable limits, replacement is necessary.

5. Accessing the Adjusting Mechanism Locate the adjusting mechanism, typically found at the bottom of the brake assembly. This could be a star wheel adjuster or another type of mechanism. If necessary, consult your vehicle's service manual for specifics.

6. Adjusting the Brake Shoes Use the brake adjusting tool or screwdriver to turn the adjusting mechanism. Turn it in the direction that tightens the shoes against the drum. You should aim for a snug fit—enough so that the shoes just barely make contact with the drum when you rotate it manually.

7. Rechecking the Adjustment After making the initial adjustment, try spinning the drum by hand. If it rotates freely without dragging, you have achieved the right tension. If not, readjust accordingly.

8. Reinstalling the Wheel Once you're satisfied with the adjustment, reinstall the wheel. Tighten the lug nuts securely in a crisscross pattern to ensure even tension.

9. Testing After lowering the vehicle back to the ground, conduct a brake test in a safe area to ensure everything is functioning correctly. Pay attention to any unusual noises or sensations while braking, which may indicate a need for further adjustments or checks.

Conclusion

Adjusting brake drums is a relatively straightforward task that can significantly enhance your vehicle's braking performance and safety. Regular maintenance of your braking system not only improves functionality but also extends the life of your brake components, saving you money in the long run. Always refer to your vehicle's service manual for specific instructions and recommendations, and when in doubt, consult a professional mechanic. Properly adjusted brake drums can make the difference between a safe ride and a potentially dangerous situation on the road.