how to adjust drum brake shoes

How to Adjust Drum Brake Shoes

Adjusting drum brake shoes is a crucial maintenance task that ensures your vehicle's braking system operates effectively and safely. Over time, brake shoes can wear down, and they may need periodic adjustments to maintain optimal performance. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you adjust your drum brake shoes.

1. Gather Your Tools

Before you start, ensure you have all the necessary tools on hand. You will typically need a jack and jack stands, a lug wrench, a brake adjuster tool or large screwdriver, and possibly some brake cleaner and grease for reassembly.

2. Safety First

Make sure your vehicle is parked on a level surface. Engage the parking brake and place wheel chocks behind the rear wheels to prevent any movement. It’s crucial to wear safety goggles and gloves to protect yourself from dirt and debris.

3. Remove the Wheel

Using the lug wrench, loosen the lug nuts on the wheel that you're working on. Once they’re loose, lift the vehicle with the jack and support it securely with jack stands. Remove the wheel completely to expose the drum brakes.

4. Inspect the Brake Components

Before adjusting the brake shoes, take a moment to inspect the condition of the brake drum, shoes, and hardware. Look for signs of excessive wear or damage. If the brake shoes are too worn, they may need replacing rather than just adjustment.

5. Access the Adjuster

Drum brakes commonly have an adjuster mechanism that can be accessed through a small hole in the back of the brake drum backing plate. If your vehicle has a dust cover, you may need to remove it to access the adjuster.

6. Adjust the Brake Shoes

Using a brake adjuster tool or a large screwdriver, turn the adjuster to expand or contract the brake shoes. Turning the adjuster clockwise typically expands the shoes, while counterclockwise will retract them. The goal is to adjust them until they lightly contact the drum when you spin it. Ensure that there is a slight drag without binding.

7. Repeat for the Other Side

After adjusting the shoes on one side, it’s essential to repeat the same process on the opposite side. Even if one side seems fine, adjustments should be symmetrical to maintain even braking performance.

8. Reassemble and Test

Once both sides are adjusted, put the drum back on, reinstall the wheel, and hand-tighten the lug nuts. Lower the vehicle from the jack stands and then tighten the lug nuts to the manufacturer's specified torque. Before driving, pump the brake pedal a few times to ensure proper contact and feel.

Conclusion

Regularly checking and adjusting drum brake shoes can enhance your vehicle’s braking efficiency and prolong the life of your brakes. If you’re unsure about any aspect of the process, or if the brake components appear damaged, it’s always advisable to consult a professional mechanic. Safe driving starts with a well-functioning brake system, so take the time to keep it in top shape.