How to Properly Adjust Your Drum Brakes for Optimal Performance and Safety

How Do You Adjust Drum Brakes?

Drum brakes are a common braking system found in many vehicles, especially in older models and some modern cars utilized for specific purposes. Unlike disc brakes, drum brakes use a set of brake shoes that press against the inner side of a rotating drum to slow down or stop the vehicle. Over time, the brake shoes will wear down, and the system may require adjustment to maintain optimal performance. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to adjust drum brakes effectively.

1. Preparation

Before you start adjusting your drum brakes, ensure you have the necessary tools, including a jack, jack stands, a lug wrench, and a brake adjuster tool. Safety is paramount; make sure the vehicle is on a flat surface and securely elevated.

2. Remove the Wheel

Using the lug wrench, loosen the lug nuts on the wheel covering the drum brake. After loosening, jack up the vehicle and place it securely on jack stands. Once safe, completely remove the lug nuts and the wheel to gain access to the drum brake assembly.

3. Inspect the Brake Shoes

With the wheel removed, inspect the brake shoes for wear. If they are worn down significantly, they will need replacement rather than simple adjustment. Healthy brake shoes will be about 1/4 inch thick. Any thinner, and you should replace them.

4. Locate the Adjuster Mechanism

Drum brakes typically have an adjuster mechanism that can be accessed through an opening in the brake drum. This mechanism may be a star wheel or a lever that needs to be turned to adjust the brake shoes.

5. Adjusting the Brake Shoes

Using a brake adjuster tool or a flathead screwdriver, turn the star wheel. Turning it in one direction will spread the brake shoes outward, while turning it in the opposite direction will pull them inward. Adjust the shoes until you feel a slight drag when you turn the drum by hand. This ensures that the shoes are properly set against the drum without causing too much friction.

6. Reassemble and Test

Once the adjustment is complete, carefully reassemble all parts, including the drum and wheel. Ensure the lug nuts are tightened to the manufacturer’s specifications. Lower the vehicle back to the ground and perform a test drive to ensure the brakes are functioning correctly.

Conclusion

Adjusting drum brakes is a straightforward process that can significantly improve the safety and efficiency of your vehicle’s braking system. Regular maintenance, including adjustments, is essential for ensuring the longevity of your drum brakes. If you're uncertain or uncomfortable performing the adjustment yourself, it's always best to consult a professional mechanic.