how do you replace drum brakes

How to Replace Drum Brakes

Drum brakes are essential components of many vehicles, particularly older models. They operate by using friction from brake shoes pressing against the inner surface of a drum to slow down or stop the vehicle. As with any mechanical system, drum brakes can wear out over time, necessitating replacement for safety and performance reasons. This article will provide a step-by-step guide on how to replace drum brakes.

Tools and Materials Needed

Before starting the replacement process, it's crucial to have the necessary tools and materials. Here’s a checklist

- Jack and jack stands - Lug wrench - Brake cleaner - New brake shoes - Drum brake spring tool or pliers - Screwdriver - Torque wrench - Safety goggles and gloves

Safety First

Always prioritize safety when working on your vehicle. Make sure to wear safety goggles and gloves to protect your eyes and hands from dust and debris. Additionally, ensure that the vehicle is parked on a flat surface and the parking brake is engaged.

Step 1 Remove the Wheel

Begin by loosening the lug nuts of the wheel covering the drum brake but do not remove them completely. Then, use the jack to lift the vehicle and support it with jack stands. Once the vehicle is secure, remove the lug nuts and the wheel, exposing the drum brake assembly.

With the wheel removed, you can access the brake drum. In some cases, the drum may be stuck due to rust or debris. If so, gently tap around the edges of the drum with a hammer to loosen it. Once it’s free, slide the drum off the hub. Inspect the drum for any signs of wear or damage; if it’s excessively worn, it may need to be resurfaced or replaced.

Step 3 Inspect the Components

With the drum removed, take a moment to inspect the brake components. Look for any signs of damage on the backing plate, springs, and other hardware. If the brake shoes are worn down (generally below 1/8 inch), they will need to be replaced. Make sure to note the arrangement of the springs and shoes for reassembly.

Step 4 Remove the Old Brake Shoes

To replace the brake shoes, start by removing the springs and retaining clips that hold the shoes in place. Use brake spring pliers or a screwdriver to carefully detach the springs, taking care not to damage them. Once the hardware is removed, take out the old brake shoes.

Step 5 Install the New Brake Shoes

Now that the old shoes are removed, it’s time to install the new ones. Begin by positioning the new shoes in the same arrangement as the old ones. Reattach the retaining clips and springs. Be sure to stretch the return spring between the brake shoes, which ensures they retract when not in use. This step requires some strength, so take your time.

Step 6 Reattach the Brake Drum

Once you have secured the new shoes, slide the brake drum back onto the hub. Ensure it spins freely, as it should not be overly tight against the shoes. If needed, you can adjust the brake shoe star wheel to slightly increase or decrease the spacing between the shoes and the drum.

Step 7 Reinstall the Wheel

With the drum in place, it’s time to put the wheel back on. Reinstall the lug nuts by hand and tighten them snugly before lowering the vehicle back to the ground using the jack. Once the vehicle is back on the ground, use a torque wrench to tighten the lug nuts to the manufacturer’s specifications in a crisscross pattern to ensure even pressure.

Step 8 Test the Brakes

Finally, after everything is reassembled, it’s vital to test the brakes. Before driving, pump the brake pedal a few times to ensure that the brake shoes seat properly against the drum. Make sure everything is functioning correctly and listen for any unusual noises.

Conclusion

Replacing drum brakes may seem intimidating, but with the right tools, materials, and a careful approach, it can be accomplished by the average DIY enthusiast. Regular maintenance and timely replacement not only ensure optimal braking performance but also enhance safety on the road. Always consult your vehicle’s manual for specific guidance and recommendations tailored to your make and model.