how to adjust brake shoes on drum brakes

How to Adjust Brake Shoes on Drum Brakes

Drum brakes are widely used in vehicles for their simplicity and effectiveness. Over time, brake shoes can wear down, leading to decreased braking performance and the possible need for adjustment. Proper adjustment ensures optimal contact between the brake shoes and the drum, resulting in more efficient braking. Here’s a comprehensive guide on how to adjust brake shoes on drum brakes.

Tools You Will Need

Before starting the adjustment process, it’s important to gather all the necessary tools. You will need

- A jack and jack stands - A lug wrench - A brake adjusting tool or a flathead screwdriver - A flashlight - A wire brush (optional) - Brake cleaner (optional)

Step-by-Step Guide

1. Preparation

Start by ensuring your vehicle is parked on a flat surface and the parking brake is engaged to prevent any movement. Loosen the lug nuts on the wheel where you will be working, but do not remove them yet.

2. Lift the Vehicle

Using a jack, lift the vehicle and place it securely on jack stands. This step is crucial for safety. After securing the vehicle, remove the lug nuts and take off the wheel to expose the drum brake assembly.

3. Inspect the Brake Components

Before adjusting the brake shoes, inspect the components for wear and tear. Look for signs of wear on the brake shoes, drum surface, and any leaks in the hydraulic system. Clean any dirt or debris using a wire brush if necessary. This helps ensure that you are working with a clean surface for adjustment.

4. Access the Brake Adjuster

Drum brakes typically have an automatic self-adjuster located between the brake shoes. Depending on your vehicle, you may need to remove a rubber plug on the back of the brake assembly to access the adjusting wheel. Alternatively, you might find a star wheel adjuster that can be accessed directly through the hub.

5. Adjust the Brake Shoes

Using a brake adjusting tool or flathead screwdriver, turn the adjuster clockwise to expand the shoes outward, or counterclockwise to retract them. You want to adjust the shoes until they drag slightly against the drum when you spin it. It’s crucial not to over-adjust, as this can cause the brakes to bind.

Check the tension by turning the drum; it should rotate freely without excessive resistance. If you hear a consistent rubbing noise, it indicates that the shoes may need to be retracted slightly.

6. Reassemble and Test

Once the adjustment is to your satisfaction, reassemble the brake drum and wheel. Make sure to torque the lug nuts to the manufacturer’s specifications. Lower the vehicle back to the ground and re-check the lug nut tightness.

Before taking your vehicle back on the road, pump the brake pedal a few times to ensure the shoes contact the drum properly. This will also help reset the brake position.

7. Final Checks

Before driving, test the brakes at low speed in a safe area to confirm that they are functioning correctly. Listen for any unusual noises and ensure the vehicle stops without pulling to one side.

Conclusion

Adjusting the brake shoes on drum brakes is a critical maintenance task that can significantly improve your vehicle's braking performance. By following these steps, you can ensure that your brake system operates efficiently. If you notice persistent issues or if you are uncomfortable performing this task, consider consulting with a professional mechanic for assistance. Regular maintenance and timely adjustments can enhance safety and prolong the life of your brake components.