how to adjust drum brakes by backing up

How to Adjust Drum Brakes by Backing Up

Maintaining your vehicle’s braking system is crucial for safe driving. Drum brakes are prevalent in many older cars and some newer models. Unlike disc brakes, which are self-adjusting, drum brakes require manual adjustments, especially as the brake shoes wear down. One effective method to adjust drum brakes is by backing up. In this article, we'll explore how to adjust your drum brakes effectively using this method.

Understanding Drum Brakes

Before diving into the adjustment process, it’s essential to understand how drum brakes work. They operate by using brake shoes that press against the inner surface of a rotating drum to slow down or stop the vehicle. Over time, the friction material on the brake shoes wears down, causing the shoes to pull away from the drum’s surface. This wear can lead to decreased braking efficiency and an increase in the distance required to stop the vehicle.

When to Adjust Drum Brakes

You should consider adjusting your drum brakes if you notice any of the following signs

- The brake pedal feels too low or spongy. - You hear a grinding noise when applying the brakes. - The vehicle pulls to one side when braking. - There is an increase in stopping distance.

Tools Needed

Before you start, gather the necessary tools

- A jack and jack stands - A lug wrench - A brake adjustment tool or flathead screwdriver - A wrench set - Safety goggles - Gloves

Step-by-Step Guide to Adjusting Drum Brakes by Backing Up

Step 1 Prepare the Vehicle

Park your vehicle on a level surface and engage the parking brake. Place wheel chocks behind the rear wheels for added safety. Then, use the lug wrench to loosen the wheel lugs slightly, but do not remove them yet.

Step 2 Lift the Vehicle

Use the jack to lift the vehicle off the ground. Once elevated, securely place jack stands under the vehicle to prevent any movement. Remove the lug nuts and take off the wheel to access the drum brake assembly.

Step 3 Locate the Adjuster

In most drum brake systems, there is a star wheel adjuster located between the brake shoes. This adjuster is responsible for pushing the shoes outward when turned. Familiarize yourself with its location.

Step 4 Backing Up to Adjust

After exposing the brake assembly, it’s time to use the backing up technique

1. Get into the vehicle and start the engine. 2. Shift into reverse and gently back up for a short distance (15-20 feet is usually sufficient). 3. Apply the brakes firmly while backing up. This action forces the brake shoes against the drum, allowing them to self-adjust to the new position.

Repeat this process a couple of times to ensure the brake shoes are evenly adjusted.

Step 5 Final Adjustments

After backing up and applying the brakes, you may still need to manually adjust the star wheel adjuster. Using your brake adjustment tool or a flathead screwdriver, turn the star wheel in the direction indicated (usually clockwise) to tighten the shoes against the drum slightly. Ensure there is a small amount of clearance (a slight drag) to avoid causing excessive wear when the brakes are applied.

Step 6 Reassemble and Test

Reinstall the wheel and hand-tighten the lug nuts. Lower the vehicle back to the ground, and then tighten the lug nuts to the manufacturer’s specifications. Before hitting the road, test the brakes in an open area to ensure they are functioning optimally.

Conclusion

Adjusting drum brakes by backing up is a straightforward process that can significantly enhance your vehicle's braking performance. Regular maintenance, including adjusting your drum brakes, ensures your safety on the road. If you're unsure about the process, don’t hesitate to seek help from a professional mechanic. Safe driving should always be your top priority, and properly adjusted brakes are a crucial part of that equation.