how to adjust drum brakes properly

How to Adjust Drum Brakes Properly A Comprehensive Guide

Drum brakes are a common type of braking system used in many vehicles, especially older models and some lighter vehicles. Unlike disc brakes, drum brakes consist of a hollow drum that rotates with the wheel and brake shoes that press against the inner surface of the drum to create friction and slow down the vehicle. Over time, these brakes can wear and may require adjustment to ensure optimal performance and safety. This article will guide you through the proper steps to adjust drum brakes effectively.

Understanding Drum Brake Components

Before you dive into the adjustment process, it’s essential to understand the main components of a drum brake system

1. Brake Drum The rounded metal component that rotates with the wheel. 2. Brake Shoes Curved friction material that presses against the inside of the drum when the brakes are applied. 3. Wheel Cylinder This hydraulic component pushes the brake shoes outward when braking is applied. 4. Adjustment Mechanism This could be either a star wheel adjuster or a self-adjusting system depending on the vehicle.

Signs that Your Drum Brakes Need Adjustment

Several indicators suggest that drum brakes may require adjustment. These include

- Ineffective braking The vehicle takes longer to stop, or there is a noticeable decrease in braking effectiveness. - Unusual noises Grinding, squeaking, or clicking sounds while braking. - Uneven wear If the brake pads appear to wear unevenly, it may indicate improper adjustment. - Brake pedal travel If the brake pedal goes down too far before engaging, it may be time to adjust the brakes.

Tools Needed for Adjustment

To adjust drum brakes, you typically need the following tools

Step-by-Step Adjustment Process

1. Preparation - Park the vehicle on a flat, stable surface. Set the parking brake. - Loosen the lug nuts on the wheel you plan to work on (do not remove them yet).

2. Lift the Vehicle - Using a jack, lift the vehicle and secure it with jack stands. Remove the wheel once safely elevated.

3. Access the Brake Assembly - Remove the brake drum by either pulling it off or using a screwdriver to gently pry it away. Be cautious, as the drum might be stuck due to corrosion.

4. Inspect Components - Check the brake shoes and drum for wear. Look for any signs of damage or contamination (like oil or brake fluid).

5. Adjust the Brake Shoes - If your vehicle has a star wheel adjuster, use a brake adjustment tool to turn the star wheel. Rotate it to expand the shoes outward until they lightly contact the drum. Ensure that the shoes are neither too tight (which can cause dragging) nor too loose. - For self-adjusting systems, you may need to back up the vehicle and apply the brakes a few times to allow the automatic adjustment mechanism to engage.

6. Reassemble - Once the adjustment is complete, reinstall the brake drum, ensuring it sits correctly. - Reattach the wheel and tighten the lug nuts by hand.

7. Lower the Vehicle - Carefully lower the vehicle back to the ground using the jack. Once lowered, tighten the lug nuts to the manufacturer’s specified torque using a torque wrench.

8. Test the Brakes - Start the vehicle and gently press the brake pedal to ensure proper engagement. Make sure to test the brakes in a safe, controlled environment before driving on public roads.

Conclusion

Adjusting drum brakes is a straightforward process that enhances vehicle safety and performance. Regular maintenance and timely adjustments can increase the lifespan of your brake components while ensuring your vehicle remains roadworthy. If you’re uncertain about the procedure or feel uncomfortable making adjustments yourself, don’t hesitate to consult with a professional mechanic. Safe driving starts with reliable brakes, so don’t overlook this vital aspect of vehicle maintenance!