how to adjust rear brake drums

How to Adjust Rear Brake Drums

Adjusting the rear brake drums is an essential skill for any vehicle owner or mechanic. Brake systems are crucial for vehicle safety and maintaining optimal performance. Over time, the brake shoes can wear down, causing decreased braking efficiency. Regular adjustment ensures that the brakes respond effectively to driver inputs and enhances the overall safety of the vehicle. In this article, we will walk through the steps to adjust rear brake drums, along with some tips and best practices.

Understanding Drum Brakes

Before diving into the adjustment process, it's important to understand how drum brakes work. Drum brakes consist of a hollow metal cylinder (the drum) that rotates with the wheel and brake shoes that press against the inner surface of the drum when braking. The shoes are pushed outward against the drum by hydraulic pressure from the brake fluid when the brake pedal is pressed. If the brake shoes are too far from the drum due to wear or adjustment, the brakes may not engage effectively.

Tools Needed

Before starting, gather the necessary tools

- Jack and jack stands - Lug wrench - Brake adjustment tool (if needed) - Screwdriver - Safety goggles and gloves

Safety First

Always prioritize safety when working on brake systems

1. Ensure that the vehicle is on a flat surface. 2. Engage the parking brake before lifting the vehicle. 3. Wear safety goggles and gloves to protect from debris and chemicals.

Step-by-Step Adjustment Process

1. Raise the Vehicle Use the jack to lift the vehicle and secure it with jack stands. Never work under a vehicle supported only by a jack.

2. Remove the Wheel Use the lug wrench to remove the wheel that covers the brake drum. Set the wheel aside safely.

3. Inspect the Brake Drum and Shoes Before adjusting, inspect the drum and brake shoes for wear. The surface of the drum should be smooth, and the shoes should have enough material left. If shoes or drums are excessively worn, they may need to be replaced.

4. Locate the Adjustment Device Most drum brake systems feature an adjustment mechanism. This could be located on the backing plate, often found in the form of a star wheel or a lever.

5. Adjust the Brake Shoes Using a brake adjustment tool or a screwdriver, rotate the star wheel or manipulate the lever to adjust the shoes. Turn the wheel so that it tightens (usually clockwise) until the shoes make contact with the drum, then back it off slightly until the drum turns freely. Make sure to adjust both sides evenly.

6. Check for Proper Fit After adjustment, spin the drum by hand. There should be slight resistance but not binding. If the drum won’t spin, the shoes might be adjusted too tightly.

7. Reassemble the Brake Components Once adjustments are made, replace any components taken off, such as the drum cover, and reattach the wheel.

8. Lower the Vehicle Carefully lower the vehicle by removing the jack stands and then the jack. Torque the lug nuts to the manufacturer’s specifications.

9. Test the Brakes Before driving, pump the brake pedal a few times to ensure that the brakes engage appropriately. It is also advisable to test drive in a safe area to ensure the brakes function correctly.

Conclusion

Adjusting the rear brake drums is a straightforward yet essential task that can significantly impact your vehicle’s performance and safety. Regular maintenance and adjustment can prevent potential issues associated with brake wear, ensuring that your braking system is always in optimal condition. If you’re not comfortable performing this task or suspect more significant brake issues, it’s advisable to seek help from a professional mechanic. Remember, proper brake function is essential for your safety on the road.