how to service drum brakes

How to Service Drum Brakes

Drum brakes are a crucial component of many vehicles, providing the necessary stopping power to ensure safety on the road. However, like any part of a vehicle, drum brakes require regular maintenance to function effectively. This article will guide you through the steps of servicing drum brakes, helping you ensure they operate smoothly and efficiently.

Understanding Drum Brakes

Before diving into servicing, let's understand how drum brakes work. Drum brakes consist of a brake drum, brake shoes, and a wheel cylinder. When you press the brake pedal, hydraulic fluid pushes the piston in the wheel cylinder, causing the brake shoes to expand and press against the inner surface of the drum. This creates friction, which slows down the vehicle.

Tools and Materials Needed

To service drum brakes, you’ll need several tools - A jack and jack stands - A lug wrench - A brake cleaner - A drum brake tool kit (including spring pullers and adjusters) - New brake shoes (if necessary) - Grease - Clean rag - Safety goggles and gloves

Step-by-Step Guide to Servicing Drum Brakes

1. Preparation

Start by ensuring your vehicle is parked on a level surface. Engage the parking brake and put on safety goggles and gloves to protect yourself during the process.

2. Remove the Wheel

Using a lug wrench, loosen the lug nuts slightly before lifting the vehicle with a jack and securing it with jack stands. Once the vehicle is elevated, remove the lug nuts completely and take off the wheel to expose the brake drum.

3. Inspect the Brake Drum

Before removing the drum, inspect it for any visible damage or scoring. Run your fingers along the surface to feel for irregularities. If the drum appears worn or damaged, it may need to be machined or replaced.

4. Remove the Brake Drum

If the drum is not stuck, gently pull it off. If it doesn’t budge, you may need to use a rubber mallet to tap it lightly. Check for any retaining screws that may secure the drum and remove those if necessary.

5. Inspect the Brake Shoes

Once the drum is removed, inspect the brake shoes for wear. If the lining is less than 1/4 inch thick, it’s time to replace them. Also check the condition of the springs and other hardware; replace any that show signs of wear or damage.

6. Remove Old Brake Shoes

Using a brake tool, carefully remove the springs and disconnect the old brake shoes. Be sure to remember how the components are assembled for reinstallation.

7. Install New Brake Shoes

Position the new brake shoes into place. Reattach the springs and ensure everything is seated firmly. Make sure to apply a light coat of grease to the points where the shoes contact the backing plate to reduce friction and noise.

8. Reassemble the Brake Drum

Once the new shoes are in place, carefully reinstall the brake drum. Ensure that it moves freely and is not binding against the shoes. If it binds, you may need to adjust the brake shoes.

9. Reinstall the Wheel

Place the wheel back on the hub and finger-tighten the lug nuts. Lower the vehicle from the jack stands and then use the lug wrench to tighten the lug nuts in a crisscross pattern to ensure even pressure.

10. Test the Brakes

Before taking your vehicle back onto the road, pump the brake pedal a few times to seat the shoes against the drum properly. Check for any unusual noises or conditions when driving slowly to ensure everything is functioning correctly.

Conclusion

Servicing your drum brakes is a manageable task for those with some mechanical know-how. Regular maintenance not only extends the life of your brakes but also ensures the safety of you and others on the road. By following these steps, you can keep your drum brakes in good working order and avoid more costly repairs down the line. Always consult your vehicle's service manual for specific guidance and adhere to safety guidelines throughout the process.