how to set drum brakes

How to Set Drum Brakes A Comprehensive Guide

Drum brakes are a common type of braking system found on many vehicles, especially older models and some newer ones. While modern disc brakes have become more prevalent, understanding the setup and maintenance of drum brakes is essential for any car enthusiast or DIY mechanic. This guide will provide you with step-by-step instructions on how to set drum brakes properly and ensure they function effectively.

Understanding Drum Brake Components

Before we dive into the setup process, it’s vital to understand the main components of a drum brake system. Drum brakes consist of a brake drum, brake shoes, springs, a wheel cylinder, and backing plate. The brake drum is a cylindrical component that rotates with the wheel. When the brake pedal is pressed, hydraulic pressure from the brake fluid pushes the wheel cylinder, causing the brake shoes to expand against the inside of the drum, thereby slowing down or stopping the vehicle.

Tools and Materials Needed

To set drum brakes, you will need the following tools and materials - Jack and jack stands - Lug wrench - Brake adjustment tool (or flathead screwdriver) - Brake cleaner - Shop rags or paper towels - Replacement brake shoes (if necessary) - Brake grease

Ensure that you have a safe, clean working environment before you start.

Step-by-Step Guide to Set Drum Brakes

1. Safety First Park the vehicle on a flat surface, engage the parking brake, and turn off the ignition. 2. Lift the Vehicle Using a jack, raise the rear of the vehicle (if you are working on rear drum brakes). Secure it with jack stands for safety. 3. Remove the Wheels Use a lug wrench to remove the lug nuts and take off the wheels to expose the brake drums.

Step 2 Inspect the Brake Components

Before adjusting, inspect the components for wear and tear - Brake Shoes Check the thickness of the brake shoes. If they are worn down to less than 1/8 inch, they need replacement. - Brake Drums Look for scoring, cracking, or discoloration. If the drums are damaged, they will need to be machined or replaced. - Springs and Hardware Inspect for rust or damage. Replace any corroded components.

Step 3 Adjust the Brake Shoes

1. Release Tension If the drums are difficult to remove, there may be too much tension from the shoes. Locate the adjusting wheel or star wheel through the inspection hole in the backing plate and rotate it to release some tension. 2. Install the Brake Shoes If you’re replacing the brake shoes, install the new ones, ensuring that they are properly seated against the backing plate and secure with the springs.

3. Adjusting the Shoes Using the brake adjustment tool or a flathead screwdriver, turn the star wheel to expand the shoes until they just touch the brake drum. You may need to spin the drum while adjusting to ascertain the exact point of contact.

Step 4 Test the Setup

1. Reassemble the Brakes Once adjusted, reassemble any components you removed, including the drum itself. 2. Install the Wheels Replace the wheels and hand-tighten the lug nuts. 3. Lower the Vehicle Carefully lower the vehicle back to the ground and fully tighten the lug nuts in a crisscross pattern.

Step 5 Test Drive

Take the vehicle for a slow test drive in a safe area to ensure the brakes are functioning correctly. Listen for any unusual noises and feel for proper braking response.

Conclusion

Setting drum brakes is a manageable task that can enhance the safety and performance of your vehicle. Following these steps will help ensure proper adjustment and longevity for your brake system. Always prioritize safety and do not hesitate to consult a professional if you encounter issues beyond your expertise. Happy braking!