replacing drum brakes

Replacing Drum Brakes A Comprehensive Guide

Drum brakes are a type of brake system used in many vehicles, particularly older models and some light trucks. They operate by using friction to slow down or stop the wheels, making them essential for vehicle safety. Over time, drum brakes can wear out and may need to be replaced. This article outlines the process of replacing drum brakes and what you should know before undertaking this task.

Understanding Drum Brakes

Before diving into the replacement process, it is essential to understand how drum brakes work. The system consists of several key components the brake drum, brake shoes, wheel cylinder, and springs. When the brake pedal is pressed, hydraulic pressure forces the brake shoes against the inner surface of the drum, creating friction that slows the wheel.

While drum brakes are generally reliable, they can wear out over time due to heat, moisture, and debris exposure. Symptoms of worn drum brakes include unusual noises when braking, a decrease in stopping power, and an observable increase in brake pedal travel.

Tools and Materials Needed

Before you begin the replacement process, gather the necessary tools and materials

- Socket set and wrenches - Screwdrivers (flathead and Phillips) - Brake cleaner - New brake shoes - New brake drums (if necessary) - Brake grease - Jack and jack stands - Safety goggles and gloves - Torque wrench (optional)

1. Safety First Ensure your vehicle is parked on a flat surface, set the parking brake, and wear safety goggles and gloves.

2. Remove the Wheel Use the jack to lift the vehicle and secure it with jack stands. Remove the lug nuts with a socket wrench, and then take off the wheel to expose the brake assembly.

3. Inspect the Brake Components Before removing any parts, inspect the brake drum and shoes for wear. Look for grooves, cracks, or significant wear on the surface of the drum and the friction material of the shoes.

4. Remove the Brake Drum If the drum is stuck, tap it lightly with a hammer to dislodge it. Ensure that the wheel cylinder and its components remain intact during this process.

5. Disconnect the Brake Shoes Take note of how the brake shoes are connected. Use a screwdriver to detach the retaining clips and springs. Carefully remove the brake shoes from the backing plate.

6. Install New Brake Shoes Place the new brake shoes into position on the backing plate. Reattach the springs and retaining clips, ensuring everything is securely fastened.

7. Check the Wheel Cylinder Inspect the wheel cylinder for leaks or damage as you work. If it’s worn, consider replacing it as well.

8. Reinstall the Drum Once the new shoes are in place and all components are secured, slide the drum back onto the hub. Make sure it spins freely without excessive resistance.

9. Reattach the Wheel Place the wheel back onto the hub and tighten the lug nuts by hand. Once the vehicle is back on the ground, torque the lug nuts to the manufacturer’s specified settings.

10. Repeat on the Other Side If you’re replacing the brakes on one side, it's a good practice to replace them on the opposite side as well for balanced braking performance.

11. Test Your Work Once everything is put back together, depress the brake pedal several times to ensure the new shoes seat properly against the drum. Check for any unusual noises or issues while driving.

Conclusion

Replacing drum brakes can be a rewarding DIY project that enhances your vehicle's safety and performance. While the process requires careful attention to detail and some mechanical skills, it can save you money on automotive labor costs and give you a sense of accomplishment. Always refer to your vehicle's service manual for specific instructions related to your model, and don't hesitate to seek professional help if you're unsure about any step of the process. Maintaining your brake system not only extends the lifespan of your vehicle but also ensures safer driving for you and others on the road.