Reasons for Drum Brakes Getting Stuck and How to Fix Them

Understanding What Causes Drum Brakes to Stick

Drum brakes are a crucial component of many vehicles, providing essential stopping power through a simple yet effective design. However, one common issue that drivers may experience is sticking or dragging drum brakes. This phenomenon can lead to increased wear on the brake system, reduced fuel efficiency, and impaired safety. In this article, we'll explore the primary causes of drum brakes sticking and how to prevent this issue.

1. Contamination

One of the most frequent causes of sticking drum brakes is contamination. Brake drums can become contaminated with various substances, including dirt, oil, grease, and moisture. When these contaminants enter the braking system, they can create a slippery surface that prevents the brake shoes from disengaging properly. This can lead to the brakes sticking or dragging, which not only impacts performance but also generates excessive heat and wear.

To prevent contamination, regular inspection and maintenance of the brake system are essential. Keeping the brake components clean and ensuring that the seals are intact will help minimize the risk of contamination.

2. Rust and Corrosion

Another significant factor that can lead to drum brakes sticking is rust and corrosion. As a vehicle ages, the metal components of the braking system can begin to corrode, especially in regions exposed to moisture or road salt. Rust can cause the brake shoes to stick to the drum surface, preventing them from retracting when the brake pedal is released.

To combat this issue, it's advisable to regularly inspect the brake components for signs of rust. If rust is present, it can often be cleaned off with a wire brush, or the affected components may need to be replaced altogether. Applying high-temperature paint or rust inhibitors can also help protect the metal surfaces.

3. Worn Brake Shoes and Drums

Over time, brake shoes and drums naturally wear down due to friction and use. Worn components may not fit together correctly, leading to improper engagement and potential sticking. If the brake shoes are too thin, they may not retraction properly after applying the brakes. Similarly, a worn drum can create an uneven surface that contributes to sticking.

Routine maintenance checks are critical for identifying signs of wear in brake components. Regular replacements of brake shoes and drums as needed will ensure optimal performance and safety.

4. Misaligned Brake Components

Misalignment of brake components can also cause drum brakes to stick. If the brake hardware is not properly aligned during installation or if it has shifted over time, the brake shoes may not engage or disengage as intended. This misalignment can lead to uneven wear and increased likelihood of sticking.

To avoid this issue, it is essential to ensure that all brake components are correctly installed and securely aligned. A qualified mechanic should perform any adjustments or repairs to maintain proper alignment.

5. Faulty Wheel Cylinder

The wheel cylinder is a critical part of the drum brake system that helps to apply the brakes by pushing the brake shoes against the drum. If the wheel cylinder becomes damaged or develops a leak, it can lead to uneven pressure applied to the brake shoes. This can cause one or both brake shoes to stick, resulting in dragging brakes.

Regular inspection of the wheel cylinder for leaks or damage is essential. If any issues are discovered, they should be addressed immediately to prevent further complications.

6. Lack of Lubrication

Proper lubrication of the brake components is vital for smooth operation. Certain areas of the brake assembly, such as the backing plate and the moving parts of the brake shoes, require lubrication to prevent sticking. A lack of lubrication can lead to increased friction, causing the brake shoes to adhere to the drum.

When servicing the brakes, ensure that all necessary lubrication is applied according to the manufacturer's specifications. This will help keep the system functioning smoothly.

Conclusion

Sticking drum brakes can pose significant safety risks and lead to increased repair costs if not addressed promptly. Regular maintenance, inspections, and timely repairs can help prevent most common causes of sticking. By being proactive about brake system care and addressing any issues as they arise, drivers can ensure their vehicles remain safe and efficient on the road. Remember, if you're unsure about the condition of your drum brakes, consulting a professional mechanic is always the best course of action.