How to Properly Adjust Drum Brakes for Optimal Performance and Safety

Adjusting Drum Brakes An Essential Guide

Drum brakes are a crucial component in many vehicles, providing the necessary stopping power. Over time, these brakes may require adjustment to ensure optimal performance and safety. Understanding how to adjust drum brakes—whether up or down—is essential for vehicle maintenance and can improve braking efficiency.

Understanding Drum Brakes

Drum brakes operate by utilizing friction generated between brake shoes and the inner surface of a drum. When the brake pedal is pressed, hydraulic force pushes the brake shoes outward against the drum, slowing down the vehicle. However, as the brake shoes wear down or as the brake system experiences thermal expansion, the gap between the shoes and the drum may increase, leading to reduced braking efficiency. Thus, periodic adjustments are necessary.

Why Adjust Drum Brakes?

1. Safety Properly adjusted brakes provide effective stopping power, reducing the risk of accidents. 2. Performance Well-adjusted drum brakes ensure even wear, prolonging the life of the brake shoes and associated components. 3. Cost-Effectiveness By adjusting brakes regularly, vehicle owners can save money on premature replacements and repairs.

How to Adjust Drum Brakes

To adjust drum brakes, you'll typically need some basic tools including a jack, jack stands, a wrench, a brake adjusting tool, and possibly a screwdriver. The following steps outline the general process of adjusting drum brakes.

1. Prepare the Vehicle

Start by ensuring the vehicle is on a flat surface. Use a jack to lift the car and secure it with jack stands. Remove the wheel to access the drum.

2. Inspect the Brake Components

Before adjustment, inspect the brake components for wear or damage. Check the brake shoes for thickness, and look for any signs of oil leaks or damaged springs. If the shoes are significantly worn, they may need replacement rather than adjustment.

3. Locate the Adjusting Mechanism

Most drum brakes feature an adjusting wheel or lever that can be accessed through the back of the brake assembly. In some cases, you may need to remove a rubber plug to access the adjustment mechanism.

4. Adjust the Brake Shoes

Using a brake adjusting tool or a flathead screwdriver, turn the adjusting mechanism. For increasing brake contact (adjusting up), turn the wheel or lever until the shoes make contact with the drum. You want just enough tension for a slight drag when rotating the drum by hand. To decrease contact (adjusting down), turn in the opposite direction until the shoes clear.

5. Reassemble and Test

Once the adjustment is complete, replace any access plugs and the wheel. Lower the vehicle and pump the brake pedal a few times to settle the shoes against the drum. It is advisable to conduct a test drive at low speeds in a safe area to ensure the brakes are functioning correctly.

Routine Maintenance

Regular inspection and adjustment of drum brakes should be part of your vehicle's maintenance routine. Most manufacturers recommend checking brakes every 10,000 to 12,000 miles, but driving conditions can dictate more frequent checks.

Conclusion

Adjusting drum brakes is a manageable task that can greatly impact your vehicle's safety and performance. With the right tools and knowledge, vehicle owners can ensure their brakes are properly adjusted, providing the peace of mind that comes with a well-maintained braking system. Whether you're a seasoned mechanic or a DIY enthusiast, taking the time to understand and adjust drum brakes is a worthy investment in vehicle safety.